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( 그림공부 ) 사물의 영혼( spirit )을 그려라

by ts_cho 2025. 2. 12.

 

The Threatened Swan by Jan Asselijn, c. 1610

Inside Art mail에 좋은 글이 있어 옮긴다.

결국 좋은 그림을 그리기 위해서는  디테일을 잘 그리는 것이 아니고 느낌을 최대한

살리는 그림을 그리라는 아야기.

( 번역은 구글 번역, 영어 원문은 맨 뒤에 )

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"깃털이 아닌 새의 날아다니는 정신을 그리세요."
-로베르 앙리

좌절한 화가들의 합창이 구름 위로 올라가 회화의 수호신 아폴로의 귀에 닿습니다. 

그는 그들이 외치는 소리를 듣기 위해 몸을 기울입니다. 마치 한 목소리로 간청하는 것 같습니다.

Odilon Redon, The Chariot of Apollo, 1905-06

 

타이트한 것보다 느슨하게 그리는 게 뭐가 그렇게 좋은 걸까요? 

사실 아무것도 없지만, 우리는 느슨한 그림을 일종의 우아함의 상태와 연관시킵니다. 

예술가가 의식적인 기법을 버리고 자유롭고, 겉보기에 수월하게 순수한 감정의 도구로 

페인트를 다루는 상태입니다.
 
하지만 이건 그저 편견일 뿐입니다. 사전트의 대담한 " bravura " 눈에 띄는 붓놀림은 

종종 그림의 마지막 부분에서, 모델 앞에서 며칠 동안 "제대로 그린" 후에 그려졌다는 

것을 기억할 가치가 있습니다. 그것은 단지 "마무리"의 화려함일 뿐이며, 

케이크에 화려하게 장식하는 의식적인 마지막 단계일 뿐입니다.

"타이트한" 그림은 서투르고, 혼잡하고, 폐쇄적이고, 시끄럽고, 비좁고, 유사한 다른 수많은

단어로 보일 수 있으며, 너무 많은 작업이 들어갔음을 암시합니다.

사실 타이트하고 사실적인 그림에는 아무런 문제가 없습니다. 하지만 너무 많이

그리는 것과는 다릅니다.

overworking은 초보자가 충분히 느슨하게 그리지 않는다는 의미이며,

이는 화가를 키우는 사람들이 직면하는 가장 큰 문제 중 하나입니다.

이는 두 가지 관련된 요인으로 인해 발생합니다.

1. 자신감이 부족함 - 즉, 그림의 한 부분을 꼼꼼히 살펴보고 필사적으로 "제대로 보이도록" 하려고 노력함;
2. 큰 그림을 충분히 명확하게 보지 못함 - 즉, 보는 사람이 작품에서 얻는 전반적인 인상을 

의미합니다. 이는 거의 고려되지 않는 사항입니다. 이는 구성과 균형만 인식하는 것을 

넘어섭니다. 사물의 정신, 초기 아이디어, 그림의 생명, 전반적인 느낌이나 "분위기"를 염두에 두는 것입니다.

"그저 그리는 것이 아니라 무언가를 하는 것처럼 그리세요." - 찰스 호손

새 그림을 예로 들어보겠습니다. 윌슨 조류학회의 조지 커쉬 서튼은 "경계하는 

유기체의 삶의 순간을 기록하는 것을 목표로 한 그림과 박제된 표본에 빛이 

어떻게 떨어지는지 보여주는 것을 목표로 한 그림 사이에는 엄청난 차이가 있습니다."

라고 말했습니다. "브루노 릴예포스라면 내가 방금 말하려고 했던 것을 완전히 

이해할 것입니다. 얀 베르메르도 그럴 것입니다."

브루노 릴예포스는 1800년대와 1900년대 모두 스웨덴에서 가장 영향력 있는 

야생 동물 화가였습니다. 그의 동물 묘사, 특히 유명한 새 그림은 오늘날까지도 

시대를 초월하고 영향력이 있습니다. 그의 작업은 지칠 줄 모르고 정확했지만, 

그의 세부 묘사는 구체성과 형태, 그리고 액션, 움직임, 강렬한 색상을 모두 전달하기에 충분합니다.

 

Bruno Liljefors, Common Swifts, 1886

 

Common Swifts(1886)에서 Liljefors는 새와 야생화를 매우 정확하게 표현해 냈습니다

(그가 그리는 모든 종을 식별할 수 있었을 것입니다). 하지만 각각의 경우 세부 사항은

"충분히" - 과장되지 않았습니다. 그는 모든 깃털이나 꽃을 그릴 필요가 없었습니다.

이 예술가는 야생 동물 그림을 과학의 영역을 넘어 그 자체로 예술로 끌어올린 것으로

유명해졌습니다. 어떻게? 그는 큰 그림을 염두에 두었습니다.

그는 새, 동물, 꽃을 "충실하게" 그린 것이 아니라, 무언가를 하는 모습을 그렸습니다. 

그는 그들에게 움직임과 삶과 세상에서의 성장에 대한 느낌을 부여하여 그들에게 생명을 불어넣었습니다.

사실 위에서 언급한 두 가지 함정, 즉 큰 그림을 잊고 세부 사항에 주의가 산만해지고 

길을 잃는 것은 모두 자신감에 달려 있습니다.

그렇다면 어떻게 자신감을 얻을 수 있을까요?

분명한 답은 많은 그림을 그리는 것입니다. 온라인과 오프라인에서 수업과 워크숍에 참석하세요.
그렇게 명확하지 않은 답: 그림이 전달할 전반적인 느낌에 더 많은 주의를 기울이도록 노력하세요.
좋은 그림은 의도, 즉 예술가의 마음속에 있는 전반적인 "느낌-아이디어" 또는 목적을 제공합니다. 

마음 상태 또는 느낌-아이디어의 이러한 표현은 한편으로는 충실하거나 능숙한 표현의 정도와, 

다른 한편으로는 추상화의 정도와 별개입니다. 많은 느낌을 전달하지 않는 느슨하고 추상적인 

그림이 있을 수도 있고, 감정을 전달하는 단단하고 세세한 그림이 있을 수도 있으며, 

그 반대의 경우도 마찬가지입니다. 추상화 대 사실주의에 대한 문제가 아닙니다.

"새의 날아다니는 정신": 왼쪽의 "황금 새"에서 오른쪽의 "우주의 새"까지 추상화가

점점 더 심해지는 브랑쿠시의 두 조각품. 둘 다 하늘로 치솟는 것을 표현합니다.

 

“The Flying Spirit of the Bird”: two sculptures by Brancusi with increasing abstraction, from “Golden Bird” on the left to “Bird in Space” on the right. Both express soaring up into the sky.

 

핵심은 작품의 전반적인 느낌을 인식하고 우선시하고, 그것을 끌어내기 위해 필요한 

조치를 취하고, 세부 사항을 종속시키는 것입니다. 즉, 사물의 느낌이나 삶을 표현하기 위해 

그림을 그리지만, 전체적인 느낌을 떨어뜨리기 시작할 때까지만 세부 사항만 추가합니다.

그림을 그리기 시작할 때 그림의 "느낌-아이디어"를 알 수도 있고 모를 수도 있습니다. 

종종 중간쯤에서 찾을 수 있습니다. 즉, 시청자에게 무엇을 할 수 있을지에 대한 갑작스러운 

아이디어입니다. 많은 그림의 경우 훈련과 연습을 많이 할수록 전반적인 분위기를 전달할 

가능성이 높아집니다. 하지만 오래된 속담도 기억하세요. 렘브란트와 같이 감정을 위해 

기술을 사용하는 데 진정으로 헌신한 화가는 칫솔과 구두약 한 깡통만 주어도 

왼손으로 걸작을 그릴 수 있습니다. 결국 형태와 느낌으로 귀결됩니다.

 

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“Paint the flying spirit of the bird rather than its feathers.”

-Robert Henri

 

A chorus of frustrated painters’ voices ascends through the clouds on high to the ears of Apollo the Patron God of Painting, who leans over only to hear them crying out, as with a single voice in supplication:

 

HELP ME LOOSEN UP!

 

What’s so great about painting loose rather than tight? Nothing really, except that we associate looser painting with a sort of state of grace, in which the artist lets go of conscious technique and freely, seemingly effortlessly, handles the paint as a pure instrument of feeling.

 

This is really just a bias though. It’s worth remembering that Sargent’s bold “bravura” visible brushstrokes were often made toward the end of the painting, after days of “getting it right” in front of his sitter. They were only “top it off” flourishes, a conscious last step of extravagantly icing the cake.

 

It’s true that “tight” painting can look clunky, crowded, claustrophobic, cacophonous, cramped, and any number of other words beginning with “c” that suggest too much work has gone into it. There’s nothing wrong with tight, realistic painting. But overworking is different. Overworking is really what beginners mean by not painting loosely enough, and it’s one of the top problems developing painters face. It’s caused by two related things:

 

1. not having enough confidence – that is, meticulously going over a single portion of the painting, desperately trying to get it to “look right”;

2. not seeing the big picture clearly enough – by which I mean, the overall impression your viewer will get from the work. This is something too rarely considered. It goes beyond just being aware of composition and balance. It’s about keeping in front of your mind the spirit of the thing, the initial idea, the life of the painting, an overall feeling or “vibe.”

 

“Don’t just paint it, paint it doing something.” – Charles Hawthorne

 

Take bird painting. “There is a vast difference between a drawing aimed at recording an instant in the life of an alert organism and one aimed at showing how light falls on a stuffed specimen,” so said George Kirsch Sutton of the Wilson Ornithological Society. “A Bruno Liljefors would fully understand what I have just tried to say; so would a Jan Vermeer.”

 

Bruno Liljefors was Sweden’s most influential wildlife painter during both the 1800s and 1900s. His depiction of animals, particularly his famous bird paintings, remain timeless and influential to this day. His work was tirelessly accurate, and yet his details are just enough to convey both specificity and form, as well as action, movement and striking colour.

 

In Common Swifts (1886), Liljefors gives us super accurate representations of the birds and the wildflowers (it would be possible to identify each species he paints), and yet in each case the details are “just enough” – they’re not overdone. He didn’t have to paint every feather or blossom. This artist became famous for bringing wildlife painting beyond the domain of science and into an art in its own right. How? He kept the big picture in mind.

 

He didn’t just “faithfully” paint birds, animals and flowers, he painted them doing something. He brought them to life by investing them with motion and a feeling for their life and growth in the world.

 

Actually the two pitfalls mentioned above – forgetting the big picture and getting distracted and lost in details – both come down to confidence.

So how do you gain confidence?

  • Obvious answer: paint a lot of paintings. Attend classes and workshops, online and off.
  • Not so obvious answer: force yourself to pay more attention to the overall feeling the painting will convey.

Good painting serves intention, an overall “feeling-idea” or purpose in the mind of the artist. This expression of a state of mind or feeling-idea is separate from the degree of, on the one hand, faithful or skillful representation, and on the other, abstraction. You can have loose, abstract paintings that don’t convey much feeling, just as you can have tight, minutely detailed ones that do, and vice versa. It’s not about abstraction vs. realism.

 

The key is recognizing and prioritizing the work’s overall feeling, doing what it takes to bring it out, and subordinating details to it – that is, painting to express the feeling or life of the thing, and adding details only until they start to detract from that overall feeling.

 

You may or may not know the “feeling-idea” of a painting when you begin it. Often you can find it halfway through – a sudden idea for what you might be able to do for the viewer. For many paintings, the more training and practice you get, the better your chances of conveying that overall vibe. But remember the old adage too: a painter truly committed to putting skill at the service of feeling, someone like Rembrandt, could paint a masterpiece left-handed given a toothbrush and a tin of shoe polish. It all comes down to form and feeling.